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Employee stock options

Contracts giving staff the right to buy company shares at a fixed strike price after vesting; exercise creates new shares.

Employee options are not the same instrument as exchange-traded options. They are issued by the company, last up to ten years, vest over time, and when exercised the company creates new stock rather than a counterparty delivering existing stock. That makes them a source of dilution.

Options priced far below the current market are sometimes called in the money, using the same language as a call-option. Underwater grants often get repriced, which is disclosed and dilutive in its own way.

Example: 6M options at a $12 strike with the stock at $40. On exercise the company receives $72M and issues 6M shares worth $240M. Existing holders of 150M shares are diluted by about 3.8%.

Related: stock-based-compensation, fully-diluted-shares, call-option

See it drawn

Original diagrams for the ideas on this page. Illustrative, not real market data.

Payoff of a long call at expiryA flat loss equal to the premium below the strike, turning upward at 45 degrees above it.Profit / loss per share08595115125Strike 105Max loss 3 — the premium paidBreakeven 108Profit keeps growingUnderlying price at expiry
Buying a call: payoff at expiry. A 105-strike call bought for 3 loses that whole 3 if the price finishes at or below 105, breaks even at 108, then gains a dollar for every dollar higher. The loss is capped at the premium; the upside is not capped.

Educational only, not advice. Spotted an error? Post in Site Feedback.