Recovery depends on where you sit in the capital-structure and on what the assets are worth. Senior secured loans historically recover well above senior unsecured bonds, which in turn recover far better than subordinated-debt.
Rules of thumb used in pricing are around 40% for senior unsecured bonds and 60 to 70% for first lien loans, but the dispersion is huge and recoveries are cyclical: they fall in the same environment that raises defaults, which compounds losses.
Example: a bond defaults and the CDS auction sets recovery at 38. Holders of $5 million face receive the equivalent of $1.9 million, and loss-given-default is 62%.
Related: default, loss-given-default, seniority, capital-structure, credit-default-swap