Options pricing describes the future as a distribution, and the standard deviation is its width. Strike selection by standard deviation — sell the one-sigma strike, buy the two-sigma wing — is the standard way to compare trades across underlyings of different prices and volatilities.
The percentages come from a normal distribution of returns, and real markets have fatter tails. Two-sigma events occur meaningfully more often than 5% of the time, and the discrepancy is concentrated on the downside, which is precisely where short-premium traders place their risk.
Example: XYZ at $50 with 30-day implied volatility of 25%. One standard deviation is $3.58, two is $7.16. The 16-delta put near $46.40 is approximately the one-sigma strike, which is why selling 16-delta options is such a common default.
Related: expected-move, delta-as-probability, lognormal-assumption, probability-itm