73 terms

Dictionary: G

Gain porn: Screenshots of large profits posted for attention, which distort everyone's sense of what normal results look like.
Gain-to-pain ratio: The sum of all gains divided by the absolute sum of all losses over a period, usually computed on monthly returns.
Gambler's fallacy: The belief that after a run of losses a win is due, or after a run of wins a loss is due, when the outcomes are independent.
Gambling disorder warning signs: Recognised markers of gambling harm that apply directly to trading: chasing losses, escalating stakes, secrecy, borrowing, and failed attempts to stop.
Gamma: The rate at which delta changes for a $1 move in the underlying; highest for at-the-money options close to expiration.
Gamma exposure (GEX): An estimate of how much delta hedging the options market must do per point of index or stock movement, aggregated across open interest.
Gamma risk: The danger in short-gamma positions that delta changes faster than you can react, so losses accelerate as the underlying moves against you.
Gamma scalping: Rebalancing the delta hedge on a long-gamma position, buying low and selling high mechanically, to monetise realised movement.
Gamma squeeze: A rally amplified by market makers buying stock to hedge the call options they sold, as rising prices increase the calls' delta.
Gap: A price jump between one candle's close and the next candle's open, leaving a range where no trading occurred.
Gap and go: A strategy of trading in the direction of a large opening gap when price holds its level and breaks the opening range.
Gap fill: Price trading back through a gap to the prior session's closing level, completing the range that was skipped.
Gap risk: The risk that price jumps from one level to a distant one with no trading in between, so protective orders cannot execute anywhere near their intended level.
GARCH: A model where today's variance forecast depends on yesterday's forecast, yesterday's squared surprise, and a long-run average. The standard tool for volatility clustering.
Garman-Klass volatility: A range-based estimator using open, high, low and close together. More efficient than Parkinson, and still weak on overnight gaps.
Gas fee: The transaction fee paid to a blockchain network to process a transfer or smart-contract interaction.
Gas limit: The maximum computation you authorise a transaction to consume; unused gas is refunded, but running out burns the fee and fails.
Gas war: A bidding contest for block space when many people want the same scarce thing at once, driving fees to extremes for a short window.
Gasless transaction: A transaction whose network fee is paid by a third party or deducted in tokens, so the user needs no native coin to transact.
Gasoil futures: The ICE contract on 100 tonnes of low sulphur gasoil delivered in northwest Europe, the international diesel benchmark quoted in dollars per metric tonne.
GC (gold futures): The COMEX gold futures contract, covering 100 troy ounces and ticking in $0.10 ($10).
GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total value of goods and services an economy produces, reported quarterly as an annualized growth rate.
GDP deflator: The ratio of nominal to real GDP, giving an economy-wide price index that covers everything produced domestically rather than just what consumers buy.
GDP vintages (advance, second, third): The three successive monthly releases of each quarter's GDP, each incorporating more source data; the advance estimate moves markets, the later ones rarely do.
General collateral (GC): Repo where any bond from a broad eligible class may be delivered, so the rate reflects the cost of cash rather than demand for a specific bond.
Genesis block: The first block of a chain, hard-coded into the software rather than produced by mining or staking.
Geometric return: The constant per-period return that would produce your actual ending balance, which is the only average that matches reality.
Getting help for gambling-related harm: Free, confidential support exists for gambling harm, including trading-related harm - national helplines, peer groups such as Gamblers Anonymous, and regulated debt advice.
GICS classification: A four-level scheme that sorts every listed company into a sector, industry group, industry, and sub-industry for index and comparison purposes.
GIPS standards: A voluntary set of rules for calculating and presenting investment performance, designed so that a firm's record can be compared fairly with another's.
Give-up: An arrangement where one broker executes a trade and passes it to a different broker to clear and carry.
Glide path: A pre-set schedule that shifts a portfolio from growth assets toward defensive assets as a target date approaches.
Global depositary receipt: A depositary receipt marketed in more than one country outside the issuer's home market, most often listed in London or Luxembourg and often sold to institutions only.
Global macro: A strategy that takes directional positions across currencies, rates, equity indices and commodities based on views about economic policy, growth and capital flows.
Globex: CME Group's electronic trading platform, where nearly all of its futures volume is matched.
Going concern: The assumption that a company will keep operating for at least the next year; a stated doubt about it is one of the most serious disclosures in accounting.
Going concern qualification: An auditor's statement of substantial doubt that a company can fund itself for the next twelve months, disclosed in the annual report.
Going private: A transaction that removes a company from public markets, leaving it owned by a buyout firm, management, or a small group.
Gold-silver ratio: The number of ounces of silver that buy one ounce of gold, used as a relative-value gauge and traded as a ratio-weighted intercommodity spread.
Golden cross and death cross: A golden cross is the 50-day moving average crossing above the 200-day; a death cross is the reverse.
Golden pocket: The zone between the 61.8 and 65 percent Fibonacci retracement levels, treated by some traders as the preferred area to enter a pullback.
Goldman roll: The five-day window each month when major long-only commodity indices roll their positions from the front month to the next, on a published, predictable schedule.
Good delivery bar: A bar meeting an exchange's or association's specification for weight, purity, refiner and markings, and therefore acceptable for settlement of a futures or bullion contract.
Good faith violation: Selling a security in a cash account that was bought with unsettled proceeds, before those proceeds have actually settled. Three within twelve months restricts the account.
Good-til-date (GTD): An order that stays live until a date or time you specify, then cancels automatically; a middle ground between a day order and GTC.
Good-til-time (GTT): An intraday time-in-force that cancels the order at a clock time you choose, commonly used to avoid holding into a news release.
Good-till-cancelled (GTC): An order that stays active across sessions until it fills or you cancel it, rather than expiring at the close.
Goodwill: The premium paid in an acquisition above the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired, recorded as an asset that is tested rather than amortised.
Gopher: Another trading-desk name for USD/JPY, used interchangeably with ninja; the origin is disputed and largely a matter of floor habit.
Governance proposal: A formal on-chain motion to change a protocol's parameters, spend treasury funds, or upgrade its contracts, decided by token-weighted vote.
Governance token: A token granting votes over a protocol's parameters, treasury or upgrades, whose economic value depends on what the votes control.
Gradient boosting: An ensemble that fits trees sequentially, each correcting the previous ones' errors. Powerful on tabular data, and correspondingly easy to overfit on market data.
Gravestone doji: A doji with a long upper shadow and no lower shadow, where price rallied through the period and gave all of it back by the close.
Greed: The pull to want more from a position than the plan called for, which usually shows up as moving a target rather than as opening a trade.
Greenshoe option: An option letting underwriters sell up to 15% more shares than the base deal, used to meet extra demand or to support the price after the debut.
Grid search: Testing every combination of parameter values on a predefined grid; exhaustive, simple, and exponentially expensive as parameters multiply.
Grinding: Either a market moving slowly in one direction without impulse, or a trader accumulating small consistent gains.
Grit versus stubbornness: Persistence is a virtue when feedback says you are improving and a liability when it says the approach does not work.
Gross exposure: The sum of all long and short position values added together, ignoring direction; a measure of total activity and leverage.
Gross margin: Gross profit as a percentage of revenue; how much of every sales dollar survives the direct cost of producing it.
Gross merchandise value: The total value of goods or services transacted across a marketplace, most of which belongs to sellers rather than to the platform.
Gross profit: Revenue minus cost of goods sold: what is left to pay for everything else the company does.
Gross versus net revenue: Whether a company reports the full customer payment or only its own cut. Marketplaces that report gross look far larger than ones that report net.
Groupthink: A group converging on one view because disagreement feels costly, so the group ends up more confident and less informed than its members.
Growth mindset: Treating ability as trainable, which changes how you respond to a losing stretch - as information to work with rather than a verdict.
Growth stock: A company expected to grow revenue and earnings well above average, priced on future results rather than on current cash flow.
Guaranteed stop-loss order: A stop that the broker contractually fills at the stated level regardless of gaps or slippage, in exchange for a premium charged either upfront or only if the stop is triggered.
Guaranty fund: A pool of clearing member contributions used to absorb losses if a defaulting member's margin and capital are not enough.
Guidance: Management's forecast for future revenue, earnings, or other metrics, usually for the next quarter and full year.
Guidance cut: Management lowering its own forecast, which markets treat as more serious than a miss because it extends the problem into future periods.
Guidance raise: Management increasing its own forecast for the current quarter or year, the single most reliably positive event in an earnings release.
Guppy: Desk slang for GBP/JPY, a volatile cross that combines sterling's range with the yen's safe-haven swings.
Guts strangle: A strangle built from in-the-money options — long call below the money and long put above it — so the position starts with intrinsic value on both legs.

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